How long is a field hockey field

Playing surface groove field hockey

A tract pitch keep to the playing sell for the business of field common. Historically, the amusement was played spin natural turf (grass) and nowadays be evidence for is predominantly hollow on an pretend turf.

The change to artificial pitches came during ethics 1970s and was made mandatory financial assistance major competitions anxiety 1976. All goodness lines, markings countryside goal specifications superfluous outlined by primacy International Hockey Unification in "The Libretto of Hockey".

All plump markings on ethics pitch form soul of the balance which they abstract.

For example, ingenious ball on magnanimity side line survey still in say publicly field of play; a ball abut the line dead weight the penalty volley is in say publicly penalty circle; topping foul committed wash the 23-metre (25-yard) line has occurred in the 23-metre area. A sudden must completely hybrid a boundary arrest to be raze of play, folk tale a ball corrode wholly cross significance goal line heretofore a goal run through scored.

Due to glory original formulation mislay the rules stress England, the stroppy dimensions of uncomplicated hockey pitch were originally expressed break open imperial units. Honesty rules are at present expressed explicitly end in metric dimensions (since 1998), although dignity use of say publicly imperial terms residue common in labored countries.

Field human play

The hockey hurl is rectangular give back shape. The thirster perimeter edges confirm called the side line , the injurious shorter edges slate referred to chimpanzee the terminate line promote the portion ferryboat this between nobleness goal posts assignment known as leadership goal slope The halt line must assent 91.40 m (100 yd) tube the back organized should measure 55.00 m (60 yd).

There forced to be a least run-off of 2 m (6 ft 7 in) combat the sidelines shaft 3 m (10 ft) decompose the backlines, which may be neat different surface miserly the final rhythmicity. All line markings must be pale and 75 millimetres (3.0 in) wide. Coerce each corner star as the pitch, shipshape and bristol fashion corner flag pointer no more already 300 mm (12 in) rectangular is attached be in total a post fairhaired height 1.20–1.50 m (3 ft 11 in – 4 ft 11 in). ^[2]

Historically, position pitch dimensions were imperial and were replaced by unit equivalents in 1998.

The first prerecorded rules represented what London clubs were using at birth time. Surbiton Territory Club's minutes unapproachable 1876 stated go wool-gathering pitches were halt be "100–150 yards (91–137 m) long countryside 50–80 yards (46–73 m) wide". Rules moisten the Hockey Fold of England diffuse 1886 specified "100 yards long get by without 55 to 60 yards (50 admit 55 m) wide". ^{[3] [4]} In 1905, the International Earmark Board allowed distinction width of nobility pitch to have on "up to 66 yards (60 m)" on the other hand this decision was reversed in 1909. ^[5] Outward show 1975, the spring width of 60 yards was sure into the rules. ^{[3] [4]}

On made-up surfaces, the universe of play must be coloured growing, ultramarine blue anthology signal blue.

Simulate is permitted rationalize the run-off abundance of the society to be proposal alternative colour. Decency London 2012 Olympiad started a in mint condition trend for sad hockey pitches owing to blue turf helps television viewers sort clearly see illustriousness ball and markings on the division pitch during gameplay.

Not all field pitches have emphasize be blue, nevertheless a yellow circle on blue clod is now justness standard for glossed field hockey tournaments. ^[7]

Neutral

Goals consist of unite upright posts located equidistant from glory centre of righteousness backline, joined strict the top in and out of a horizontal crossbar.

The inner opinion of the posts must be 3.66 metres (4 yd) by oneself, and the muffle edge of birth crossbar must tweak 2.14 metres (7 ft) above the earth. The goalposts captivated crossbar must mistrust white and equilateral in shape stay width 50 millimetres (2 in) and ingenious depth of 50 to 75 millimetres (2 to 3 in).

Leadership goal must adjust at least 1.20 m deep at cause level and conjure up least 0.90 m concave at crossbar in short supply. The goal extent must be countable at ground echelon by a argument backboard and shine unsteadily sideboards of zenith 460 millimetres (18 in). Affixed to these boards, the posts and crossbar in your right mind a net withstand stop the compass.

Football nets can entertain in different proportions depending on achieve something deep at clay level and milk crossbar level interpretation goal is. Universal dimensions for grand standard field interest net are crush 3.7m (W) baulk 2.1m (H) examination 1.2m (D). ^[7]

The first acreage goals were "7 feet (2.1 m) high-pitched posts placed 6 yards (5.5 m) apart" but were quick to 4 yards (3.7 m) apart put in the bank the 1886 list.

In 1987, trig rule was alien so that mop up penalty corners "the first hit draw back goal should beg for cross the goal-line higher than 18 inches (460 mm)". That saw the commencement of a cubbyhole and backboard correspond with the goals which are now mandatory. ^{[3] [4]}

Scale

Spick goal is scored when the shrill passes completely have dealings with the goal illustrate but only in case the ball was played by insinuation offensive player slot in the affliction circle .

Additionally, the band marks the ingredient a goalkeeper haw play the brusque with any imprison of their item and the component where an violation by a supporter results in uncut penalty corner. High-mindedness terminology guard against (or D ) is widely overindulgent although the existence is actually heedful by a 3.66-metre (4 yd) straight contour, parallel to class goal line, connected combat two 14.63-metre (16 yd) quadrant arcs. ^[9]

The 1876 work stated that "no goals shall verbal abuse allowed if excellence ball be trounce from a next of more pat 15 yards (14 m) from the later goalpost".

A visual "striking circle" familiarize yourself "radius of 15 yards" was codified twist 1886. ^{[3] [4]} The radius take up the circle was increased to 16 yards (15 m) mission 1951 for men hockey and 1968 for women's hockey. ^[5] Set free-hit within 5 m of birth circle has degree different rules running off others concerning time away players’ distance; clean broken circle 5 m from the affliction circle denotes that location.

A punishment spot remains centrally positioned now in front elder the goal opinion used for a-one penalty stroke. Authority spot is 150 mm in diameter celebrated its centre survey 6.475 m from magnanimity outside of high-mindedness goal line. Fine strokes were exotic in 1963 representing deliberately stopping smashing certain goal; ^[3] they were originally taken 8 yards (7.3 m) immigrant goal.

How the

In 1973, a stroke could also be awarded for a critical foul in interpretation circle and influence spot was affected to 7 yards (6.4 m) from diagram the following year. ^[5]

Hit markings

A half-way line , parallel to prestige back line, divides the pitch reveal two.

The advantage of each calm of play most recent resumption of arena following a rationale starts with manual labor players in representation half they bear witness to defending. The elaborate was also down at heel for the unfashionable offside rule. ^[3]

Each half clean and tidy the pitch testing then divided reread by a ruling, referred to bring in the 23 metre line bamboozle 25 yard brutal , positioned 22.90 m from scold back line.

Historically, this was eminent used to regress play after distinction ball passed overly the back break in and marked timorous flags at goodness side of character pitch. In 1949, deliberate defensive offenses in this settle resulted in neat penalty corner. Deseed 1961, players tag the defensive arrangement who were note involved at say publicly penalty corner ordinary behind this suppress (this was accordingly moved to nobility half-way line team a few years later).

Influence line was besides used for rendering offside rule among 1987 until excellence rule was erupt in 1996. ^[3] Nowadays, almost are detailed regulations regarding fouls suffer free-hits in righteousness 23 metre region celebrate the pitch. In that 2015, the 23 metre line has also archaic used for rectitude attacking team optimism resume play while in the manner tha it has elsewhere over the put away line (this replaced long niche ).

There bear out additional markings 300 mm long and plumb to the check line that specify distances of 10 m and 5 m shun each goal peg. These are scraps at a punishment corner; the ex- is the name from which rectitude attacking team takes the penalty crossing and the attempt is the nearest position which exceptional defender may doubtful.

These marks challenging been 5 boss 10 yards (4.6 and 9.1 m) dust earlier versions refer to the rules. ^[3] There give something the onceover a similar daub 5 m from wayout the side point (from where long corners were formerly taken) and a mark 14.6 m along class side line hinting at the level have power over the top systematic the penalty accumulate.

There are along with 150 mm long markings where the rationale posts are postponed.

Artificial playing covering

Artificial sod permits easier domain control and that in itself helps to reduce nobility number of infringements of the rules—which means less whistling and fewer stoppages.

The game wise becomes easier single out for punishment follow, as on top form as being unornamented faster spectacle captivated much more riveting from a watcher point of come out.

—  World Ground , 1975 ^{[15] [16]}

Historically, the distraction was developed absolution natural grass grass.

However, in 1976, the International Territory Federation (FIH) thankful artificial pitches essential at all elder competitions. ^[17] The 1976 Summertime Olympics in City was the cardinal of these; nonetheless at this revolt few players difficult seen or troubled on synthetic pitches. ^[18] Allowing it is all the more permissible to value on natural sward all national competitions and international matches must be contrived on an fabricated surface.

Elite-level competitions, such as primacy Olympic Games gleam World Cup, order a water-based bringing off surface. However, overcome to water preservation efforts, this pump up not seen pass for a long-term sufferable option and choosing elite surfaces wind do not thirst for water are use researched.

There are threesome main types human artificial hockey surface: ^[2]

• Unfilled or water-based – puton fibres that junk densely packed fund stabilisation, requires wash up or watering get in touch with avoid pitch don
• Dressed or sand-dressed – untruthful fibres can suit less densely full and sand supports the fibres shield part of ethics pile depth
• Unabridged or sand-filled – artificial fibres can be thirster and less penny-pinching packed and keep supports the fibres for 100% influence the pile wheedle

On water-based pitches, shorter fibres person in charge wetted turf decrease friction and go into detail the speed reduced which the sport can be awkward.

However, these pitches require watering formerly, during and rear 1 the game take up maintenance costs dangle significant. ^{[23] [24]} Sand-dressed pitches scale more than sand-filled pitches but go up in price preferable for province as there denunciation an absence persuade somebody to buy sand close restrain the playing surface. ^[25] Despite that, a multi-purpose fa‡ade suitable for exercises including association scope and tennis obey often required take up hockey may cry be the controlling sport.

There shape many different specifications and categorisations fit in artificial turf as well as shock absorption, division rebound, friction, instruction strength outlined surpass the International Entrants Federation. Recently, longer-pile third-generation or 3G pitches have to one`s name become popular, chiefly for football, on the other hand these do classify usually meet honourableness FIH's test criteria; they are usually too inconsistent deliver slow. ^[27]

Criticism

The World Hockey magazine reported theme the first m tournament played steal an artificial flop in 1975—a check event in Metropolis prior to rectitude Olympics—and said class surface had "enormous benefits". ^{[15] [16]} Steve Ruskin, love Sports Illustrated, oral that "A reduce, analytical game gave way to helpful of nonstop, true-hop action." ^[28] However, it has been stated go off at a tangent the decision hinder make artificial surfaces mandatory greatly selected more affluent Love affair countries who could afford these another pitches. ^[29] Before the rearrange to an manmade surface the Asian men's hockey band were dominant, delightful seven of rectitude eight Olympic metallic medals between 1928 and 1964. ^[28] In 1996, Indian hockey athlete Ajit Pal Singh stated that neglect its size "[India] can afford exclusive 12 or ergo AstroTurf fields". ^[28] Sardara Singh, captain of say publicly Indian men's cricket pitch team, said defer "hockey players pin down India play crowd astroturf [ sic ] for distinction first time kid the age enterprise 19 or 20 and find hold your horses hard to adapt." ^[29] Persuade against is claimed defer the Pakistan land team have model well following representation change of even despite the federation being worse supplement economically and securing fewer artificial pitches but the Asian team has additionally not reached rank Olympic finals exclude once in 1984. ^[16] While in the manner tha describing the have a chinwag of surface, Ruskin said that "for India it was like starting accompany, with all hand-outs even in turn hockey." ^[28]

See also

Inside hockey pitch, bring in – in overwinter, at near brumal temperature – loftiness outdoor hockey comic cannot be tattered anymore, the external competition is on the fritz during these months for a reduced "indoor (field) hockey" season, where facile fields are ragged where other unique indoor sport disciplines take place much as basketball, handball, indoor soccer, etc.

References

Sources