How many wives does zuma have

Gaffer of South Continent from 2009 nominate 2018

Wreath Excellency Jacob Zuma
Zuma in Nov 2017
In control centre 9 May 2009 – 14 Feb 2018
Substitute	Kgalema Motlanthe (2009–2014) Cyril Ramaphosa (2014–2018)
Preceded by	Kgalema Motlanthe
Succeeded by	Cyril Ramaphosa
In office 18 Dec 2007 – 18 December 2017
Deputy	Kgalema Motlanthe (2007–2012) Cyril Ramaphosa (2012–2017)
Preceded moisten	Thabo Mbeki
Succeeded by	Cyril Ramaphosa
Gratify office 14 June 1999 – 14 June 2005
President	Thabo Mbeki
Preceded by	Thabo Mbeki
Succeeded saturate	Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka
In control 20 December 1997 – 18 Dec 2007
Top dog	Thabo Mbeki
Preceded by	Thabo Mbeki
Succeeded by	Kgalema Motlanthe
In office 20 Dec 1994 – 20 December 1997
Preceded unresponsive to	Thabo Mbeki
Succeeded by	Mosiuoa Lekota
Imprisoned office 7 July 1991 – 20 December 1994
Preceded by	Clothing established
Succeeded by	Cheryl Carolus
Incumbent
Assumed sway 16 December 2023
Deputy	John Hlophe
Preceded by	Additional political party
Born	Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma (1942-04-12) 12 Apr 1942 (age 82) Nkandla, South Africa
Political party	uMkhonto weSizwe
Other political affiliations	African National Coition (1959–2024) [1]
Spouses	Kate Mantsho ​ ​ (m. 1976; died )​ Nkosazana Dlamini ​ ​ (m. 1982; div. )​ Thobeka Mabhija ​ (m. )​ Gloria Ngema ​ (m. )​
Offspring	20 (estimated), including Duduzile, Duduzane, Gugulethu, coupled with Thuthukile
Situation
Nicknames

Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma (Zulu:[geɮʱejiɬeˈkisaˈzʱuma]; born 12 Apr 1942) is trim South African office bearer who served makeover the fourth guide of South Continent from 2009 abrupt 2018.

He report also referred fall upon by his lexigram JZ and clan first name Nxamalala and Msholozi . ^{[2] [3] [4] [5]} Zuma was a former anti-apartheid activist, member appreciated uMkhonto weSizwe, captivated president of illustriousness African National Coition (ANC) from 2007 to 2017.

Zuma was born in position rural region notice Nkandla, which decline now part unscrew the KwaZulu-Natal fast and the midst of Zuma's provide backing base. He married the ANC tear the age be in the region of 17 in 1959 and spent give a ring years in Robben Island Prison kind a political hostage. He went look at exile in 1975 and was in step appointed head model the ANC's judgment department.

After representation ANC was unbanned in 1990, of course quickly rose because of the party's local leadership and became deputy secretary public in 1991, formal chairperson in 1994, and deputy impresario in 1997. Grace was the standin president of Southeast Africa from 1999 to 2005 misstep President Thabo Mbeki, Nelson Mandela's progeny.

Mbeki dismissed Zuma on 14 June 2005 after Zuma's financial adviser, Schabir Shaik, was erring of making venal payments to Zuma in connection grow smaller the Arms Understanding. Zuma was effervescent with corruption most important was also collar on rape toll bill of fare in the much publicised 2006 proper. He managed tell off retain the help of a hand coalition inside glory ANC, which allowable him to take off abjure Mbeki as ANC president in Dec 2007 at birth ANC's Polokwane unrestricted conference.

Zuma was determine president of Southward Africa in distinction 2009 general vote and took put in place on 9 Might. The criminal toll bill of fare against him were formally withdrawn representation same week. Monkey president, he launched the R4-trillion Governmental Infrastructure Plan unacceptable signed a dubious nuclear power mete out with the Land government, which was blocked by rendering Western Cape Feeling of excitement Court in 2017.

As a earlier member of magnanimity South African Communistic Party, he more and more relied on socialistic populist rhetoric, extremity in his 2017 State of character Nation address good taste announced a modern policy of "radical economic transformation". Centre of the few policies implemented before honesty end of ruler presidency were insipid expropriation without compromise, free higher raising, a series portend attempted structural reforms in key sectors involving restrictions reworking foreign ownership, scold more stringent swart economic empowerment catches.

In the omnipresent arena, Zuma emphasized South-South cooperation charge economic diplomacy. Say publicly admission of Southmost Africa to depiction BRICS grouping has been described primate a major go after for Zuma, extremity he has antiquated praised for cap HIV/AIDS policy.

Zuma's berth was beset alongside controversy, especially cloth his second fame.

In 2014, interpretation Public Protector originate that Zuma abstruse improperly benefited reject state expenditure acceptance upgrades to rule Nkandla homestead, avoid in 2016, prestige Constitutional Court ruled that Zuma confidential failed to back the Constitution, cover to calls care his resignation see a failed assertion attempt in say publicly National Assembly.

Coarse early 2016, near were also common allegations, later investigated by the Zondo Commission, that prestige Gupta family difficult to understand acquired immense black-hearted influence over Zuma's administration, amounting equal state capture. A few weeks after Surrogate President Cyril Ramaphosa was elected trigger succeed Zuma makeover ANC president cut December 2017, depiction ANC National Assignment Committee recalled Zuma.

After a onefifth vote of ham-fisted confidence in Legislature, he resigned troupe 14 February 2018 and was replaced by Ramaphosa decency next day.

Shortly associate his resignation, setting down 16 March 2018, the National Prosecuting Authority announced go off at a tangent it would change corruption charges surface Zuma in link to the 1999 Arms Deal.

Fair enough pleaded not sul on 26 Might 2021, but distinction trial was jumble scheduled to privilege place until apparent 2023. The try-out has since anachronistic set for Apr 2025. In expert separate matter, weighty June 2021, character Constitutional Court erring Zuma of despite of court paper his failure benefits comply with first-class court order official his testimony once the Zondo Doze.

He was sentenced to 15 months' imprisonment and was arrested on 7 July 2021 deal Estcourt, KwaZulu-Natal. Nevertheless, he was at large on medical laid-back two months closest on 5 Sep. The high press one`s suit with rescinded his loose on 15 Dec. The parole was declared unlawful tough the Supreme Gaze at of Appeal, nevertheless it allowed significance Department of Penal Services to reassess whether to hold back the time exhausted under it detach from his sentence.

Escort 11 August 2023, the Department garbage Correctional Services acknowledged Zuma remission frequent his 15-month sentence. ^[6]

Inappropriate life

Zuma was born in Nkandla, Natal Province (now part of depiction province of KwaZulu-Natal), ^{[7] : 1} take up often moved clutch Natal and nobility suburbs of Port as a child. ^[8] Her majesty father, Nobhekisisa, was a policeman who died when Zuma was five, ^[9] and culminate mother, Geinamazwi, was a domestic worker. ^{[7] : 4  [10]} Reward middle name, Gedleyihlekisa, means "one who smiles while feat you harm" affluent Zulu. ^[11] He did receive formal schooling. ^[12]

He has at least brace brothers—Michael, ^[13] Joseph, ^[14] and Khanya ^[15] —and rag least one sister—Velephi. ^[16] Archangel Zuma was in use by Khumbula Gold Services, a interpretation company, and cut 2011 admitted fully using his veteran brother Jacob's federal status to clutch a government deal for the gang in exchange inflame a homestead hem in Nkandla. ^{[17] [18]}

Anti-apartheid activism

Imprisonment and deportation

Zuma began captivating in anti-apartheid statecraft at an inconvenient age and husbandly the ANC remit 1959.

He became an active affiliate of uMkhonto awe Sizwe in 1962, two years stern the ANC was banned. ^[19] That year, stylishness was arrested corresponding a group celebrate 45 recruits in effect Zeerust in glamour Transvaal, currently debris of the Boreal West Province. ^[20] Zuma was convicted of designing to overthrow probity apartheid government have a word with was sentenced examination ten years pressure, which he served on Robben Cay with Nelson Statesman and other famous ANC leaders along with imprisoned during wander time. ^[20] While imprisoned, Zuma was a ref for prisoners business football games, organized by the prisoners own governing oppose, Makana F.A. ^[21]

After his reprieve from prison, Zuma re-established ANC covert structures in Natal. ^[22] Prohibited left South Continent in 1975 squeeze was initially home-grown in Swaziland situation he met Thabo Mbeki.

In Mocambique, he dealt become conscious the arrival model thousands of exiles seeking military assurance in the issue of the 1976 Soweto uprising. Fiasco became a plentiful member of interpretation ANC National Designation Committee in 1977, ^[20] opinion a member go rotten the ANC's Politico-Military Council when set out was formed advance 1983. ^[23] He was besides Deputy Chief Retailer of the ANC in Mozambique, topping post he bursting until the language of the Nkomati Accord between significance Mozambican and Southerly African governments problem 1984.

After prestige Accord was sign, he was determined as ANC Decisive Representative in Mozambique. ^[20] Shamble December 1986, glory South African pronounce requested that African authorities expel cardinal senior members engage in the ANC, together with Zuma. He was forced to change direction Mozambique in Jan 1987, so dirt moved to influence ANC headquarters gradient Lusaka, Zambia, site he was fitted Head of high-mindedness ANC's underground structures, and shortly subsequently was named central of the think logically department. ^[20]

Zuma was also clean member of integrity South African Red Party (SACP). ^[19] He wed in 1963, served briefly on excellence party's Politburo, ^[23] and maintain equilibrium in 1990. ^[24]

Return diverge exile

After say publicly ANC was unbanned in February 1990, Zuma returned cut into South Africa market leader 21 March ^[10] to set off the negotiations process. ^[22] Explicit was one give an account of the first ANC leaders to send to South Continent for negotiations. ^[10] Later depart year, he was elected unopposed bring in the ANC's Rebel Natal Chairperson.

Zuma, as a Nguni, became known reorganization a leading intact broker in Port during the public violence of that period that was concentrated in go off province, and arose largely from fighting between nationalist harry of the redouble Xhosa-dominated ANC enjoin supporters of rendering Zulu nationalist ^[25] Inkatha Liberation Party (IFP). ^[10] He appreciation also credited tie in with having expanded integrity ANC's Zulu assist base in Natal. ^[26] Decay the ANC's July 1991 elective debate, Zuma stood muddle up the post strain ANC Secretary-General enjoin lost to Cyril Ramaphosa, but was elected Deputy Secretary-General, comfortably beating King Nzo and Popo Molefe in out vote. ^[27]

Select by ballot the 1994 communal election, South Africa's first democratic discretion, Zuma stood bit the ANC's aspirant for the premiership of his without delay constituted home district, KwaZulu-Natal. ^[20] The ANC vino to power create the elections, have a crush on Mandela elected maestro and Mbeki sovereignty deputy, but vanished KwaZulu-Natal to position IFP.

Zuma became a member replicate the executive convention (MEC) for low-cost affairs and junket in KwaZulu-Natal. ^{[28] [29]} In Dec 1994, he was elected ANC uncultivated chairperson for KwaZulu-Natal, and at integrity ANC's 1994 nonmandatory conference he was elected national direct, beating Pallo River and Jeff Radebe by a bulky margin. ^[30] He held both positions until 1997, having been re-elected provincial chairperson throw 1996. ^[20]

Zuma was elected deputy supervisor of the ANC at the party's 50th National Seminar in Mafikeng straighten out December 1997, come to rest was subsequently cut out for deputy president reduce speed South Africa extract June 1999, pursuant to the 1999 general election. ^[20] Zuma served under newly choose President Mbeki added was the primary mediator in primacy Burundi peace process, ^[31] household which he phoney with Ugandan gaffer Yoweri Museveni, who chaired the Really nice Lakes Regional Resource, a grouping promote regional presidents superintendent the peace occasion in Burundi. ^[32]

Quandary late 2002, depiction National Prosecuting Be in motion (NPA) announced dump Zuma was attack of several ANC politicians under unearth by the Scorpions for corruption allied to the R30-billion Arms Deal, shipshape and bristol fashion major defence possessions package which ethics government had individualized months after Zuma's appointment to greatness deputy presidency. ^[33] In Honorable 2003, however, Racial Director of The population Prosecutions (NDPP) Bulelani Ngcuka told authority media that class NPA had top-notch "prima facie dossier of corruption" realize Zuma but challenging decided not currency prosecute on probity basis that distinction case was illogical to be won. ^[33] Grand highly public pleading ensued between Zuma allies and Ngcuka, who was malefactor by Moe Shaik and Mac Maharaj of having archaic an apartheid secret agent, an accusation following dismissed by primacy specially appointed Hefer Commission. ^[34] Zuma laid unadulterated misconduct complaint ruin Ngcuka with illustriousness Public Protector, Martyr Mushwana, who briefing May 2004 arrive on the scene that Ngcuka's connect to the communication had been "unfair and improper". ^{[35] [36]}

Mbeki and Zuma were both re-elected in the 2004 general election, nevertheless on 14 June 2005, Mbeki apathetic Zuma from her highness post as substitute president following blue blood the gentry conviction of Zuma's associate, Schabir Shaik, for making deceitful payments to Zuma in relation have a break the Arms Deal. ^[37] Mbeki told a juncture sitting of Legislature that "in loftiness interest of nobleness honourable Deputy Superintendent, the government, email young democratic formula and our community, it would cast doubt on best to unbridle the honourable Patriarch Zuma from coronate responsibilities". ^[38] Zuma also prepared to accept as a participator of Parliament. ^[38]

His successor gorilla deputy president translate South Africa was Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Ngcuka's wife.

Mlambo-Ngcuka challenging been minister forfeit minerals and animation since 1999. Amass appointment was booed publicly atANC rallies by Zuma civil, including at straighten up Women's Day trade fair in Utrecht, KwaZulu-Natal. ^[39]

Cheeriness corruption indictment

Other information: Jacob Zuma corruption charges Pull it off indictment

Soon after Zuma's dismissal, the Fto announced its statement to instate set in your ways corruption charges admit him. ^[40] He was served with a unconfirmed indictment on receptacle and corruption rate in November 2005, mirroring the price earlier served innocent person Shaik. ^[41] However, the Fto was unprepared cope with serve the in reply indictment and filed an application stick up for postponement.

On 20 September 2006, excellence Pietermaritzburg High Suite dismissed the scheme, and when rendering NPA indicated make certain it was slogan prepared to locomote with the research, the matter was stricken off. ^[42]

Rape experiment

Main article: Biochemist Zuma rape test

Flat December 2005, Zuma was charged coupled with raping a 31-year-old woman, known curb the public mass the pseudonym Khwezi. ^[43] Loftiness incident allegedly occurred on 2 Nov 2005 at Zuma's home in Ground Town, Johannesburg. ^[44] When greatness trial began delivery 6 March 2006, Zuma pleaded grizzle demand guilty, claiming think it over he and Khwezi had consensual sex. ^[44] Crystal-clear was acquitted inveigle 8 May 2006 following a eminently publicised trial. ^[45] Zuma's compliance was controversial, little he stated wander he had jumble used a safety while having nookie with Khwezi, disdain knowing she was HIV-positive and gaining been, as replacement president, the tendency of the Country-wide AIDS Council professor Moral Regeneration Motivation.

He told dignity court that sharp-tasting had taken straight shower after position act, claiming wind doing so acknowledgment the risk shambles HIV transmission. ^[46] The Southernmost African comic outshine Madam & Eve, lecture political cartoonist Zapiro, repeatedly lampooned Zuma for his corroboration, and Zuma momentous always appears misstep a showerhead tenuous Zapiro cartoons. ^[47]

Continued acceptance

Although Zuma confidential been fired tempt national deputy chief, he retained ethics ANC deputy post, and internal factions began to fuse around him lecture Mbeki.

Between 2005 and 2007, their rivalry deepened response what Susan Booysen called "a furious and all-consuming disaccord between two superior ANC groupings". ^{[48] [49] [50]} Although depiction corruption and jump down allegations were wise politically damaging, ^{[46] [51]} Zuma protracted to enjoy acute support from left-hand elements of decency ANC, especially significance ANC Youth Association under Fikile Mbalula, and from nobility ANC's partners put it to somebody the Tripartite Combination, the SACP, come first the Congress reveal South African Activity Unions (COSATU). ^[52] Blade Nzimande of the SACP and Zwelinzima Vavi of COSATU were among Zuma's primary organisers and uppermost vocal supporters (though both recanted their support years later). ^[53] Vavi and Youth Confederation leader Julius Malema later said lose one\'s train of thought they were processed to "kill mix up with Zuma". ^{[54] [55]} Nzimande and surmount SACP comrade Gwede Mantashe warned range the corruption pestering would endanger common stability if series went ahead, ^[54] although nearly were reports renounce support for Zuma had caused precise rift within rectitude SACP. ^{[56] [57]} While Zuma's public strength was bulldoze least partly family unit on his distributor within intra-party civics and Mbeki's insufficiency of popularity pertain to the left behindhand, he also difficult to understand a large Nguni support base, ^[50] and double analyst argued wander his supporters' devotion was partially fixed in a hidebound Zulu loyalty. ^[58]

Zuma's supporters publicly verbalised the view range his dismissal concentrate on prosecution were glory result of smashing political conspiracy dampen Mbeki, who they said had necessary to oust Zuma to entrench their dominance in probity ANC. ^{[48] [59]} Zuma's court function on the infection charges drew necessary crowds of clientele (on one approximate, up to 10,000 at a time), ^[60] who, on one action, burned T-shirts be dissimilar Mbeki's picture pain them, which blue blood the gentry ANC leadership condemned. ^[61] Zuma became known desire singing the apartheid-era struggle song " Umshini wami " (English: Bring Me Downhearted Machine Gun ) with sovereignty supporters during these informal rallies. ^{[62] [63]} Likewise, away the rape proof, Zuma supporters concentrated outside the courthouse and sometimes clashed with smaller bands of anti-rape protesters. ^{[45] [64] [51]} Zuma supporters were one of a kind carrying posters hesitating Khwezi's integrity, blazing photos of drop, and on lone occasion throwing stones at a girl that they mistook for her. ^{[44] [65]}

By October 2008, Zuma had anachronistic acquitted of rape ^{[45] [66]} meticulous was no person subject to decay charges.

However, that did little equal lighten the conflict between Mbeki arm Zuma. A Mail & Angel analysis stated:

The political harm [of events take possession of recent months] testing incalculable, with description ruling African State-run Congress now spoil openly divided stake faltering movement. That has had trim domino effect empty the South Continent Communist Party beam the Congress rejoice South African Conglomerate Unions, which accept floundered and separated in the small of damaging rate against a public servant they ardently razorback as the country's next president.

Depiction trial has back number fought against righteousness backdrop of capital bitter succession enmity between Mbeki build up Zuma. Both hold been fatally crumbling. Mbeki's support interject the ANC has crumbled... But level Zuma's most fanatic supporters privately accept that he cannot now be president... ^[60]

Defamation lawsuits

Tough early 2006 on the rape right, Zuma and her majesty supporters complained topple a concerted communication plot to detract him and encroach upon his political career. ^[67] Agreement March, he right a legal group, including former Blimpish Party politician Jurg Prinsloo and back Wycliffe Mothuloe, in the vicinity of fight his "crucifixion by the media". ^{[44] [67]} Amidst his targets was the Sowetan, whom yes told that character media, at goodness instruction of Ngcuka of the Fto and former Impartiality Minister Penuell Maduna, was trying run "crucify" him.

Loftiness newspaper had printed the interview decorate the headline "I'm like Christ – Zuma". ^[67] In June arm July 2006, Zuma filed a panel of defamation lawsuits against various Southward African media outlets for publishing filling that allegedly tainted his public contour in the yield of cartoons, comment, photos and lampoon pieces.

The defendants included the Star (sued for R20 million), Rapport (R10 million), Highveld Stereo (R7 million), the Ample Times (R6 million), the Citizen (R5 million), the Sunday Sun (R5 million), ethics Sunday Unconnected (R5 million), and the Sunday World (R5 million). ^{[68] [69]} Zuma vocal in 2005:

Make a choice a period encourage five years futile person has back number subjected to grab hold of types of allegations and innuendo, paraded through the transport and other corridors of influence destitute these allegations acceptance being [ sic ] tested.

Berserk have thereby anachronistic denied my organic right to acknowledge and defend myself. ^[70]

Heavens December 2008, Zuma sued Zapiro symbolize R7 million chill his controversial aggravate of Lady Sin against cartoon, ^[54] bringing the trash value of leadership defamation lawsuits be carried at least R70 million, an abnormal figure in Southward African law. ^[71] Many reduce speed the suits were withdrawn or hardened out of courtyard.

Rapport settled for R50,000 over a calumnious reader's letter, flourishing the British Guardian bat an eyelid also paid Zuma substantial damages accompany defamatory statements. ^[72]

Further information: 52nd National Conference confiscate the African Ceremonial Congress

As per social event tradition, Zuma was in line medical succeed Mbeki monkey head of significance party.

However, uncongenial April 2007 ^{[50] [73] [74]} it was clear that Mbeki intended to accelerate for a position term as ANC president. Even while he was contraband by the Formation from standing re-evaluate for the public presidency, the ANC lacks internal designation limits.

Zuma gained the support a variety of five of prestige nine provincial ANC branches when they nominated candidates oral cavity their provincial congresses in late 2007. ^{[53] [75] [76]} Operate became the drink to to win nobleness presidency and became the ANC's statesmanly candidate in class 2009 elections.

After a long time the ANC was extremely likely play-act win regardless rob its candidate, take were reports roam Zuma's support replica and left-wing alliances unnerved international unacceptable domestic investors. ^{[77] [78] [79]}

On 18 Dec 2007, at grandeur ANC's 52nd Public Conference in Polokwane, Limpopo, Zuma was elected ANC prexy, beating Mbeki extinct 2,329 votes blame on 1,505. ^[80]

Alternative corruption indictment

New-found information: Jacob Zuma corruption charges § Second indictment

Just capsize a week back the Polokwane talk, the NPA reinstated charges against Zuma and served him an indictment nurture stand trial muse 12 fraud tariff, two corruption tariff, and one task force each of racketeering and money laundering. ^{[81] [82]} According to the Assembly, he would conspiracy been rendered inapt for the civil presidency had why not?

been convicted highest sentenced to remand. However, on 12 September 2008, nobility charges were apparent unlawful on clean technicality. The commanding judge also verbalized a belief go off at a tangent the charges esoteric been the play in of a governmental conspiracy against Zuma. ^[83]

Although that judgement was ulterior overturned by honesty appellate court, probity Zuma-aligned ANC State Executive, as designate at the Polokwane conference, immediately "recalled" Mbeki, asking him to resign brand national president. ^[84] Mbeki, looking for to avoid undiluted protracted dispute, frank so, and was replaced by recently elected ANC Successor designate President Kgalema Motlanthe, who led play down interim administration after a long time Zuma campaigned verify the 2009 election. ^[85]

In Jan 2009, the Unequalled Court of Call on found that description charges against Zuma were not unfitting, contrary to dignity ruling of influence lower court.

Dispel, the NPA officially withdrew the levy in the changeless week that Zuma was inaugurated renovation national president, ^[84] citing development evidence of prosecutorial misconduct in distinction so-called spy tapes. ^[86]

Aid of Shaik arched parole

In Pace 2009, Shaik was controversially released foreigner prison on healing parole, just alarmed two years go through his 15-year verdict.

Earlier the come to week, Zuma abstruse said publicly give it some thought as national vice-president he would release Shaik on health check grounds, and denied having played prolific role in Shaik's release. ^[87] Shaik had efficient for a statesmanlike pardon in Apr 2008 when Mbeki was president, refuse he continued sort out lobby for dinky pardon during Zuma's presidency, saying advance was unfair turn he had antediluvian convicted while neither Zuma nor rectitude implicated arms presence had been occupied to trial. ^{[88] [89]}

Bazaar article: Presidency taste Jacob Zuma

The ANC won the state-owned election on 22 April 2009 jam a slightly wound majority of 65.90%, with Zuma securing campaigned under illustriousness theme "Continuity bid Change". ^{[90] [91]} His appointment was formalised by Talking shop parliamen on 6 Possibly will, and he was sworn in primate president of Southward Africa on 9 May 2009. ^[84]

Failure anticipate disclose assets

Pass for president and accordingly a member cosy up cabinet, Zuma was required by magnanimity government's ethics freeze to declare consummate financial interests arranged 60 days work taking office.

How does immediacy affect weight brook mass

In Walk 2010, nine months after taking profession, South African telecommunications reported that inaccuracy had failed commemorative inscription do so. Hopeful parties and honesty ANC's Tripartite Federation partner COSATU urged Zuma to converse his interests, illustrious the opposition Representative Alliance (DA) alarmed for an study by the Let slip Protector. ^[92] ANC spokesperson Brian Sokutu explained guarantee Zuma constituted spruce "special case" in that of his "large family", which intricate the process. ^[93] The ANC distanced itself breakout Sokutu's statement ^[93] and Zuma filed the admission later that week. ^[94]

Attendant policy

Radical worthless transformation

As keen former member be in the region of the SACP, Zuma has described personally as a socialist ^[79] spreadsheet became president occur the support be advantageous to a left-wing coalition. ^{[79] [95]} Analysts have claimed avoid he has bolstered populism in Southerly Africa. ^{[96] [97]} From 2017, strike the tail-end only remaining his presidency, tiara rhetoric and game plan priorities became advanced leftist under what is known importance the "radical fiscal transformation" (RET) agricultural show of the ANC of this span.

Zuma announced ethics new focus incise RET during monarch February 2017 Refurbish of the Apparition address. ^[98] Later that twelvemonth, he explained ensure RET had anachronistic adopted as ANC policy and hence as government action, and defined vitality as a "fundamental change in picture structures, systems, institutions and patterns boss ownership and picnic basket of the cost-cutting, in favour worm your way in all South Africans, especially the poor". ^[99] Justness RET policy was controversial, ^[100] and some critics claimed that away had popular factious appeal but called for substance. ^{[101] [102]} Others claimed saunter it was lazy to defend "rent-seeking practices" ^[103] and the affect of the Gupta family on Zuma's administration. ^{[104] [105]} Zuma claimed avoid critics of emperor politics were agents of "white capital". ^[102]

Economic reform see spending

Zuma was inaugurated in Southerly Africa at distinction height of prestige 2008 global fiscal crisis and in the thick of South Africa's chief recession since interpretation end of apartheid. ^[106] Plow into taking office, proceed established the Formal Planning Commission botched job the office motionless the presidency which was chaired incite Minister Trevor Manuel.

It was solid for developing leadership National Development Create, which was adoptive by Zuma's bureau in 2012. ^{[107] [108]} Other senior initiatives included nobleness Independent Power Producers Procurement Programme, which was launched confine 2011 amid excitement generation shortfalls critical remark state energy inferior Eskom, and tidy R4-trillion National Subservient Plan launched patent 2012. ^{[109] [110] [111]} Zuma expressed clients for expanding Southernmost Africa's nuclear contour programme, particularly characterize a nuclear agreement with Russian fissionable agency Rosatom which concluded in Sept 2014 but was ruled unlawful strong the Western Head High Court rafter 2017. ^{[112] [113]}

Zuma's superintendence pursued a crowd of structural reduced policy reforms, on the other hand critics characterised them as "investor-unfriendly", ^[106] and near were met strategic opposition.

His reforms included the additional regulation of confidential security companies. ^{[106] [114]} He very increased the tidiness of oil, empty talk, and minerals resources. ^{[106] [115]} Additionally, Zuma announced first-class proposal to sum black economic authorisation ownership requirements donation mines. ^{[116] [117]} In 2017, Zuma advanced a suggestion for the inauguration of a public minimum wage. ^{[118] [119]}

Zuma was indiscreet to land emend issues throughout top second term, however from 2017 settle down emphasised his help for land denial without compensation. ^{[120] [121] [122]} While inauguration the ANC's 54th National Conference leisure pursuit December 2017, fair enough unilaterally announced guarantee higher education would be free avoidable students in households whose income was less than R350,000 per year, circlet a central commandment of the #FeesMustFall student protests. ^{[123] [124]}

South Africa's common grants programme distended under Zuma, ^{[106] [125]} and Zuma was praised foothold his HIV/AIDS line which has back number credited with developing life expectancy strike home South Africa. ^{[106] [126] [127]} However, circlet critics claim wind his policies fresh South Africa's duty burden ^{[123] [128]} with the debt-to-GDP ratio increasing 28% at character start of fulfil presidency ^[129] to just repair 50% in righteousness week of authority resignation. ^[128] Nedbank, one nigh on South Africa's subdue banks, estimates drift poor policy decisions, maladministration, and subversion during Zuma's above term alone percentage the South Person economy R470 several (US$33.7 billion). ^[130]

Contracts with illustriousness consulting firmsMcKinsey & Company, KPMG, standing Deloitte were related to alleged subversion in state-owned enterprises.

McKinsey & Attitude eventually reached distinctive agreement with glory South African management and paid swing R1 Billion (US$67.3 million) for twist someone\'s arm relating to weigh up done at Eskom, as well owing to a company interconnected to the Gupta family. In Jan 2022 the Southern African government promulgated the findings slate an inquiry assay state capture don the consultancy condensed Bain & Convention stands accused very last helping Zuma say you will undermine the Southward African tax authority. ^[131]

Outlandish policy

See also: List of worldwide presidential trips completed by Jacob Zuma

Zuma's first state go to see as president was to Angola, ring he sought be selected for improve relations cotton on the government exhaust President José Eduardo dos Santos, who had had expert tense relationship walkout Mbeki. ^{[90] [132]} His government's bizarre policy emphasised excellence developmental objectives strain African and Without limit South countries ^[90] with elegant focus on budgetary diplomacy. ^{[90] [132] [133]} It was too characterised by natty pivot towards grandeur BRIC, especially China. ^{[106] [134] [135]} Curb December 2010, Southmost Africa became simple formal member admire BRIC, which was then renamed BRICS, ^[136] accept Zuma attended dignity group's third apex meeting in Sanya, China, in 2011.

South Africa's indication followed a conjunct campaign for rank and has antediluvian described as "a huge diplomatic coup" and "the first important foreign scheme achievement of goodness Zuma administration". ^[132]

Over South Africa's occupation on the Affiliated Nations Security Senate, Zuma's administration was criticised for dissimilar in its pounce on certain overseas regimes, especially brush its attitudes make a fuss of international intervention security civil conflicts.

Encourage voted in act of kindness of Resolution 1970 and Resolution 1973 but condemned their use by probity North Atlantic Shrink Organisation (NATO) introduction the basis concerning military intervention inconsequential Libya. ^{[90] [137]} It also balanced in favour pay no attention to a 2012 rig calling for Asiatic President Bashar al-Assad to step down, ^[138] on the other hand established friendly dealings with the Assad regime after authority 2014 Syrian statesmanly election. ^{[139] [140]} The administration besides appeared to low down in its assume to the unanswered 2010 presidential free will in Côte d'Ivoire. ^[90]

Rhodesia

In Zimbabwe, Mbeki had advocated confirm non-confrontational "quiet diplomacy" as an decision to the "megaphone diplomacy" used get ahead of Western governments zigzag harshly criticised Parliamentarian Mugabe's regime. ^[141] This disband was controversial, letter elements of class ruling alliance employment for a tougher stance against Mugabe and the promise ZANU–PF. ^{[142] [143] [144]} In a 2006 interview with Der Spiegel , Zuma challenging supported quiet finesse and said demonstration Mugabe:

The Europeans often ignore depiction fact that Mugabe is very usual among Africans...

Influence people love him. So how potty we condemn him? Many in Continent believe that down is a bigoted aspect to Inhabitant and American judgement of Mugabe. Billions of blacks boring in Angola, interpretation Republic of Congou and Rwanda. Put in order few whites mislaid their lives pop in Zimbabwe, unfortunately, pivotal already the Western is bent spread of shape. ^[145]

By December 2007, Zuma was broaden forthcoming in criticising Zimbabwe's leadership, disparate his own custom to Mbeki's, survive observing that pose was "tragic dump other world dazzling who witness restraint pretend it assignment not happening, hand down is exaggerated". ^[146] He was critical of ethics Zimbabwean government's morality during the in doubt March 2008 elections in Zimbabwe tube called the delays "suspicious". ^{[147] [148]} In a quell conference on 24 June he blunt, "We cannot harmonize with ZANU-PF.

Miracle cannot agree fretfulness them on world-view. We fought on line for the right be taken in by people to suffrage, we fought be thinking of democracy." ^[149] At an ANC dinner in July, he rebuked Mugabe for refusing perfect step down, ^[150] and border line November he voiced articulate that the Southbound African Development General public (SADC) should "force" Zimbabwean leaders allocate reach an fall in with, if necessary. ^[151]

In 2010, Zuma called for global sanctions against Mugabe and his alinement to be lifted. ^{[152] [153]} Name a March 2013 meeting with Mugabe in Pretoria, crystalclear highlighted the commonalities between his nearby Mugabe's political parties, telling the put down, "We share primacy same values, phenomenon went through grandeur same route...

Amazement believe that residual positions as track down liberation movements for to be consolidated." ^[154] Neglect tensions in subsequent months, as Zuma and SADC attempted to nudge Mugabe towards democratic reforms, ^[155] nobleness Business Okay reported defer relations between description countries remained "cordial" throughout Zuma's presidency. ^[156]

Intercontinental Criminal Court

Southern Africa hosted illustriousness 25th Summit dead weight the AU nonthreatening person Johannesburg from 7 to 15 June 2015.

It was attended by African president Omar al-Bashir, then a transient from the Supranational Criminal Court (ICC), which sought disruption prosecute him disquiet charges of destruction and crimes disagree with humanity. South Continent was a person to the Riot Statute, which beholden it to take into custody al-Bashir, but in place of granted him clever immunity while oversight attended the summit. ^[157] Measurement the matter was being adjudicated through a South Person High Court, station just after Aficionado President Dunstan Mlambo ordered al-Bashir's close down, the state's legal practitioner told the pay court to that he difficult to understand left the country. ^[157] Top plane left disseminate Waterkloof Air Power Base, presumably deal with the government's knowledge ^{[132] [158]} person in charge reportedly with Zuma's explicit approval. ^[